4.1 HISTORY OF NOVEL

PART I

Introduction

PART II

Elements of Novel/Novella & Types of Novel

4.1.2 ACTIVITIES ON HISTORY OF NOVEL

Activities 

*** Complete the activities as per the instructions:                                                                                                  

 1. Choose the correct option and rewrite the sentence:

i) The eighteenth century has gifted English literature with .....

a)Novel and Drama

b)Drama and Poetry

c)Novel and The Periodical Essay

d)Novel and Poetry

ii)Novel soon  became the dominant literary genre because....

a)It tried to instruct the readers.

b)Caught the intellectual, sentimental and realistic plane.

c)Helped people to live more purposeful and virtuous life.

d)All of these.

iii)The novel has a history of about.... years.

a)Four thousand

b)Two thousand

c)Hundred

d)Three thousand

iv).... has been described as the world's first novel.

a)Don Quixote

b)Rajmohan's Wife

c)Oroonoku

d)Tale of Genji

v)In the eighteenth century middle class could get the time for reading and discussing the novel because....

a)Industrial Revolution had given rise to the middle class.

b)The spread of machines could provide a time to the people for reading and discussions about it .

c)The realistic picture of everyday life has been depicted in it.

d)All of these.

vi)Indian authors in English Novel wrote on the theme of ....

a)Psychological insights.

b)Domestic violence.

c)Nationalistic virtues or social issues.

d)Scientific theories.

vii)"Novella" means....

a)A prose fiction.

b)Longer than short stories.

c)Well structured.

d)All of these.

viii)There are ....elements of novel.

a)Two

b)Four

c)Five

d)Six

ix)Gothic novel contains....

a)Mystery

b)Horror

c)Supernatural elements

d)All of these.

x)Science Fiction is a genre of ....

a)Space travel

b)Futuristic setting 

c)Time travel

d)All of these.

2)Fill in the blanks by choosing correct alternative:

i)A novel is a relatively a ....narrative fiction.

             (long/short/descriptive)

ii)The word 'Novel' is derived from the .... word 'Novella'.

           (Spanish/Dutch/Italian)

iii)'The Canterbury Tales' has been written by ....

           (Virgil/Geoffrey Chaucer/Malory)

iv).... is the pioneer of the stream of Consciousness technique in English novel.

           (Agatha Christie/Virginia Woolf/Charles Dickens)

v)The struggle between the opposite forces in the story is called ....

            (Theme/Plot//Conflict)

3) Match the following.

         Novelist                                               Novel

  

1)Geoffrey Chaucer                             a)Morte De Arthur

2)John Bunyan                                     b)Don Quixote

3)Murasaki Shikibu                             c)The Tale of Genji

4)Malory                                               d)The Canterbury Tales

5)Miguel de Cervantes                         e)The Pilgrim's Progress

***Match the following.

           A                                                                B

1)Conflict                                                a)Narration of the course of events

2)Plot                                                       b)Struggle

3)Setting                                                  c)Central idea    

4)Theme                                                  d)Background

5)Style                                                     e)The story

4) State whether the following statements are True or False and correct the false sentence:

1) A novel creates the picture of the society of that time.

2) Novel is recognized as the most dominant literary genre in the fourteenth century.

3) In eighteenth century, Drama and Poetry were the two literary forms that were fading away.

4) Place,time and climate were included in theme.

5)Novella is longer than a full length novel.

5)Pick out the odd element from the group.

1)Drama,Theme, Novel, Poetry.

2) Mulkraj  Anand, R.K. Narayan, Raja  Rao, D.H.Lawrence.

3)Gothic novel, Epistolary novel, Novella, Psychological novel.

4)Lifestyle, Place, Characters, Climate.

5) Salman Rushdie, Graham Greene, Charles Dickens,William Golding.

3.2 Writing Skill - Mind Mapping

 What is Mind Mapping?

 A graphical  representation to describe the same idea/facts/situation, is called as Mind Mapping.

In Mind Mapping, we can use different shapes, arrows, lines, connectors, balloons, boxes, scrolls, curved arrows, scribbles, callouts, explosions etc. to describe our point of view. It is a creative and logical means of Note-Taking and Note- Making.

STEPS OF MIND MAPPING

1) Write the main idea or theme in the centre of page.

2) Draw branches of sub- themes from the centre.

3) Write the sub- themes in a very short phrases or in a single word or key word.

4) Topic of lesser importance should be represented as 'twigs' of the relevant branches.

5) Add images to get the message in better way.

Template of Mind Mapping -

Benefits of Mind Mapping 

• Memorizing
• Organizing Ideas
• Brainstorming Sessions
• Attractive Presentations
• Simplify Complex Ideas
• Problem Solving
• Explore New Ideas
• Executing New Projects & Plans

Examples :

1. Prepare a Mind Mapping on Prefix-

2. Prepare a Mind Mapping on Auxiliary-

Marking scheme : 

Presentation.               1mk

Main points.                 1mk

Covering all points.     1mk

              -------------------------------

                                         3mks

2.5 Father Returning Home - Poetic Appreciation

*About the poem / poet / title

*Theme

*Poetic devices, language, style

*Special features - tone and type

*Values, message

*Your opinion about the poem

'Father Returning  Home' is a poem written by a great celebrated bilingual  and the prestigious Sahitya Academy Award winner poet and translator in Marathi and English - Dilip Chitre. This present poem is taken from 'Travelling in a Cage'.

This poem has the theme of man's enstrangement from the materialistic man-made world. This poem has autobiographical touch as the poet Dilip Chitre talks about his father. But beyond that he depicts the loneliness and the feeling of alienation of the grey generation i.e.aged people.

This is a free verse in which there is no rhyme and rhythm.There is the use of  uneven length of lines. This poem is divided into two stanzas - first stanza consists 12 lines and second stanza consists 13 lines. In this poem, the poet depicts the pathetic condition of old father. He portrays the dull, exhausting and equally pitiable daily routine of an old father. The poet uses apt words to describe the father- son relationship and suburban life in this poem.

In this poem, the poet has woven pictorial quality very beautifully to describe the evening of life of old father. He also uses the figures of speech like Transferred Epithet, Alliteration,Synecdoche and Onomatopoeia in this beautiful poem. Simile increases the vividness of the pitiable condition of  father as the poet directly compares the old father with the word dropped from a sentence which indicates the least value of the old father in the society.where his presence or absence does not make any difference . His existance is meaningless. The dullness or monotonous life of old father is depicted  through the colours/words like yellow light, black raincoat,humid monsoon night,grey platform,etc.His solitude has been depicted through 'He goes into the toilet to contemplate' and 'His sullen children have often refused to share jokes and secrets with him'. 

The poet Dilip Chitre wants to give message through this poem that the readers should ponder on this issue. They should take care of this grey generation,should spend time with them and share their daily routine with them so that they (elderly people) should not feel alienated or isolated in the home though they are surrounded by family members.

Marking scheme :

Title, Name of the poet     1mk

Theme.                                   1mk

Poetic devices.                    1mk

Value.                                    1/2 mk

Opinion.                               1/2 mk

                -----------------------------------------

                                              4mks

3.4 Writing Skill - Statement Of Purpose (SOP)

 What is SOP?

- A Statement of Purpose (SOP) is an application made to a university to seek admission to a particular course.

- It is an essay which describes you as a person, your aims and ambitions.

- It speaks about your journey of life and the qualities you have nurtured in the       process. 

- The SOP gives an idea about your innate qualities and is subjective in nature.

- The SOP gives you an opportunity to show the special qualities which make you distinct from others.

- It explains why you want to join the course, what is your liking, how you have developed your liking.

- The SOP is a gateway to your career as the admission committee judges you or screens the applications on the basis of the SOPs received. Hence, it is a very important document.

- The SOPs for undergraduate, postgraduate and doctorate levels would be different.

FORMAT OF THE 'SOP'

The Statement of Purpose should be written in around 500 words, tentatively

in five/six paragraphs.

I paragraph -- Your introduction,  personal background, your mental make-up and your aim in life.

II paragraph -- Speak about why you wish to join this specific programme/course, your area of interest.

III paragraph --Write about your qualities,  hobbies and extracurricular activities which would be helpful in strengthening your goals.

IV paragraph -- Mention your experience, internship/ project you have done. State something which makes you distinct from the other applicants.

V or Concluding paragraph --State how admission to this particular course, university would be beneficial to you and how you look at it from a long term career perspective.

Dos and Don'ts -

Dos :

1) Use clear and lucid language.

2) Should be convincing

3) Clear purpose of choosing a particular course or programme.

4) Personality should be reflected.

5) Highlight your qualities and life experiences.

6) Prefer typed SOP.

7) Edit and Re-edit.

Don'ts :

1) Do not make spelling or construction mistakes.

2) Should not be too small or too Lengthy.

3) Avoid complex sentences.

4) Don't copy.

5) No exaggeration.

  

3.5 Writing Skill - Drafting a Virtual Message

 Virtual Communiction 

 A mode of communication that includes the use of technology-audio and video to communicate with people who are not physically present in front of us. Although virtual communication started way back with the invention of telephone, the advent of webcams, video conferencing and instant communication made virtual communication a big hit. Today we use virtual communication in almost every walk of life-within family, friends, and office, to name a few.

Virtual Message

A virtual  message comes in the form of a telephonic conversation between two people. The virtual  conversation is to be converted into a message for a third person. 

Format 

1)Date

2) Time

3)Name of a person to whom the message is directed

4) Body of the message

5) Name of the writer / sender

Layout

Dos and Don'ts

Dos

1)Write the most important details.

 2) Use grammatically correct sentences.

3) Use Indirect or reported speech.

4)Use simple language. and without any abbreviations.

5) Have a friendly and polite approach.

6)Check your message before you submit and send it.

 

Don'ts

1) Don't add new information.

2)Don't use any abbreviations or short forms.

 3)Avoid pun/ambiguity/ words that would create confusion.

Examples:

1) Read the following conversation between Aashna and Mr Singh.

Aashna : Hello, may I speak to Ranajit, please?

Mr Singh : Ranajit is getting ready for school. May I know who is speaking?

Aashna : My name is Aashna. I am Ranajit’s classmate.

Mr Singh : Hello, Aashna. I am Ranajit’s father. Is there any message?

Aashna : Yes. Please ask him to bring his biology notebook to school today. I was absent from school due to illness. I would like to see the notes which our biology teacher gave to the class during my absence.

Mr Singh : I will definitely do that.

Since Mr Singh had to go for his morning walk he left a message for Ranajit. Draft

that message in 50 words.

Ans:

                  22nd Jan, 2021      11.30am

                  Ranajit

                                 Your classmate Aashna called for you to bring

                  Biology notebook to school as she wanted to see the notes

                  which your Biology teacher had given to the class during 

                  her absence.

                  Mr. Singh

2) Rajat comes home from school and finds the door locked. Since he has a

duplicate key he enters and finds a note from his mother kept on the table. In

it she explains that she had to rush to the hospital with Mrs Manohar, their

neighbour, who had met with an accident. She has also written that he should 

have the rice and curry kept on the dining table for lunch. He could heat the

food in the microwave oven if he wanted to, but he should be very careful while

handling the switch.

Draft the message which Rajat’s mother left for him.

Ans:

                 23rd Jan, 2021         5.35pm

                 Rajat

                                    I had to rush to the hospital with Mrs. Manohar as she 

                 had met with an accident. I had kept rice and curry on the dining

                 table for lunch. You could heat the food in the microwave oven

                 if you had wanted to ,but be careful while handling the switch.

                 Mamma

Marking scheme :

Content.                              2mks

Sequence/flow of ideas    1mk

Appropriateness.              1mk

                                     ------------------

                                            4mks