XI 4.1 HISTORY OF ENGLISH DRAMA

 XI 4.1 HISTORY OF ENGLISH DRAMA 

* State whether True or False:

1) Drama has its origins in folk theatre.- True

2) The poet must have players, a stage and an audience. -  False

3) Between the 13th and 14th century drama started having themes which were separated from human emotions. - False

4) In Renaissance period, the plays had nothing to do with religion. - True

5)  William Shakespeare used blank  verse brilliantly in all his plays. - True.

6) experience Era came into existence in the 19th century to the public theatre. - False

7) A one act play is not exactly a shorten play. -  True

* Fill in the blanks: 

1) ------- has its origin in folk theatre.

Ans : Drama has its origin in folk theatre.

2) Romans were in England who established ------------- .

Ans : Romans were in England who established amphitheatres.

3) Thomas Kyd, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the prime dramatists of -------------- era.

Ans : Thomas Kyd, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the prime dramatists of Elizabethan era.

4) Kyd and Shakespeare used --------- verse in all their dramas.

Ans : Kyd and Shakespeare used blank verse in all their dramas.

5) Shakespearean Era came into existence in the ----------- century.

Ans : Shakespearean Era came into existence in the 16th century.

6) With the civil wars no theatre existed between ----------- to --------- .

Ans : With the civil wars no theatre existed between 1642 to 1660.

7) A ----------- is not exactly a shorten play. 

Ans : A one act play is not exactly a shorten play. 

8) Romeo and Juliet is written by------------.

Ans : Romeo and Juliet is written by William Shakespeare. 

9) A ------- is the central idea around which the plot revolves.

Ans : A theme is the central idea around which the plot revolves.

10) ------------- uses nonverbal communication effectively through his body language. 

Ans: Charlie Chaplin uses nonverbal communication effectively through his body language. 

11) ------------- character develops through the experience and evolves as a dynamic persona.

Ans : Round character develops through the experience and evolves as a dynamic persona.

12) ---------- character is one who remains the same throughout the story. 

Ans : Flat character is one who remains the same throughout the story. 

13) Flat characters are also known as --------.

Ans : Flat characters are also known as Caricatures.

14) ------------ consists the unity of time, place and action.

Ans : Setting consists the unity of time, place and action.

15) The ---------  is a chain of events arranged in sequence.

Ans : The plot is a chain of events arranged in sequence.

* Odd element out: 

1) Thomas Kyd, William Shakespeare, T. S. Eliot, Christopher Marlowe 

Ans : T.S. Eliot ( others are from Elizabethan period)

2) plot, characters, theme, drama 

Ans : Drama ( others are elements of drama)

3) Oliver Goldsmith, Sheridan, George Etherege, Thomas Kyd

Ans : Thomas Kyd ( others are from Restoration period)

4) Tragedy, Comedy, Poetry, Tragic comedy

Ans : Poetry  ( others  are types of drama)

5) Romantic comedy, Classical comedy Comedy of manners, Tragedy

Ans : Tragedy ( others are types of comedy) 

6) Lady Gregory, William Shakespeare, W.B.  Yeats,  J.M. Synge

Ans : William Shakespeare ( others are from 20th century)

XI 2.3 There is Another Sky - Poetic Appreciation

 

Poetic Appreciation: “There Is Another Sky”

About the Poem:
“There Is Another Sky” is a beautiful and hopeful poem written by Emily Dickinson, a famous American poet. It is a Petrarchan sonnet with an octave and sestet. It is an inspirational poem with a message of 'never say die'. The poem gives a message of hope, happiness and encouragement.

Theme:
The main theme of the poem is hope and optimism. The poet tells her brother, Austin that even if his present surroundings are sad or unpleasant, there is always another beautiful and peaceful world waiting for him.

Poetic Devices:
The poet uses simple but beautiful poetic devices such as metaphor, repetition and imagery. The “other sky” represents a better and happier life. The beautiful description of nature creates a pleasant picture in the reader’s mind.

Language and Style:
The language of the poem is simple, emotional and musical. The poet uses natural images like sky, fields, flowers and forests to express her feelings.

Message:
The poem teaches us that we should never lose hope. Difficult situations are temporary, and a better future is always possible.

My Opinion:
I like this poem because it is short, beautiful and inspiring. It gives us confidence and teaches us to look at life with hope and positivity.

XI 2.2 The Sower - Poetic Appreciation

 2.2 The Sower 

Poetic Appreciation 

About the poem poet and title :  The poem  The Sower is written by the  novelist , dramatist of the 19th century French Romantic poet *Victor Hugo*. This present poem is *translated by Toru Lata Dutt* - a Bengali poet. 

 *The Sower* is a poem about a farmer who is sowing seeds. Though this former has seen many bad harvests in his life, he is optimistic of having a good harvest every time he tosses grain.

**Theme:**

The poem describes a sower working in the field. The poet sees him sowing seeds even in the evening. The sower represents **hard work, hope and faith in the future**.

**Rhyme Scheme:**

The poem has a regular rhyme scheme- abab. The rhyming words create a musical effect.

**Figures of Speech:**

The poem uses figures of speech such as **Simile, Metaphor, Personification and Imagery**.

**Special Features:**

The poem presents a beautiful picture of a farmer working in the field. The sower becomes a symbol of **patience, dedication and hope**. The simple language and vivid imagery make the poem easy to understand and memorable.

**Message:**

The poem teaches us that we should **work hard with patience and hope without worrying about immediate results**. Our efforts today can bring good results in the future.

**My Opinion:**

I like the poem because it gives a **positive message about hard work, hope and faith in the future**.

XI 2.1 Cherry Tree - Poetic Appreciation

 XI 2.1 Cherry Tree 

POETIC APPRECIATION 

1. About the poem, poet and title:

The poem "Cherry Tree"is written by a famous short story writer, essayist,poet,  'Padmashri' awardee and the Sahitya Academy Award winner for English writing in India - Ruskin Bond.

The poem has no fixed rhyme scheme. It is written in free verse. It is a narrative poem which contains a beginning - sowing a seed,a middle - ecstasy and an end- spends time in the company of cherry tree. In this poem, cherry tree is the main character that is protagonist. Along with that poet, goat, grass cutter, birds, insects are also the characters. Garden, Kashmir, again the poet comes back and again garden these are the different places mentioned here. There is the sequence of events like planting, struggle for survival, aggressive growth and six feet tall tree. There is no direct conversation. The time span is of eight years.

2. Theme:

The poem shows how a small cherry seed grows into a beautiful tree with love, care, patience, and the power of nature. It teaches that hard work and hope bring success.

3. Figures of Speech:

Personification: The tree is shown as if it has human qualities.

Imagery: The poet creates beautiful pictures of nature through words.

Alliteration: Repetition of the same consonant sounds in nearby words.

4. Special Features:

The poem uses simple language and beautiful nature images. It describes the growth of the cherry tree in a realistic and inspiring way. The poet expresses his love for nature.

5. Message / Moral:

The poem teaches us to be patient, hopeful, and caring. Even small efforts can grow into something beautiful with time and determination.

6. My Opinion:

I like this poem because it is simple, inspiring, and shows the beauty of nature. It reminds us to believe in growth, patience, and never give up.

Marking scheme : 

Theme and language:                     02 mks

Explanation and presentation:     01 mk

Personal opinion and evaluation: 01 mk 

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                                                              04 mks 

Grammar Test

Do as directed:

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4.4 The Sign of Four

 Characters: 

1) Sherlock Holmes - the detective, intelligent, practical, logically thinking.

2) Dr John Watson - Sherlock Holmes assistant , an emotional person, fell in love of Mary Morstan 

3) Miss Mary Morstan - main lady character, daughter of Captain Morstan, used to get a huge pearl from last 6 years. 

4) Captain Morstan - father of Mary Morstan, corrupt prison guard, disappeared from last 10 years, friend of Major Sholto.

5)Major Sholto - a friend of Captain Morstan, father of Thaddeus Sholto and Bartholomew Sholto, a corrupt prison guard.

6) Thaddeus Sholto and Bartholomew Sholto - sons of Major Sholto, used to send a huge pearl every year on a particular date.

7) Tonga - an aborigin of the Andman Island, an accomplise of Jonathan Small, an expert in blowing the dart.

8) Toby - a sniffer dog.

9) Jonathan Small - was an European solder having a wooden leg, an accomplise in the theft of Aagra Treasure, one of the four who signed on the chit.

10) Mohamet Singh - an Indian accomplise joined to Jonathan Small in the theft of Aagra Treasure, one of the four who signed on the chit.

11) Abdullah Khan - an Indian accomplise joined to Jonathan Small in the theft of Aagra Treasure, one of the four who signed on the chit.

12) Dost Akbar - an Indian accomplise joined to Jonathan Small in the theft of Aagra Treasure, one of the four who signed on the chit.

13) Mrs. Cecil Forester - Mistress of Mary Morstan, she suggested Mary to take help of Sherlock Holmes and his assistant.

Setting: 

1) 

Theme: 

1) Agra Treasure 

2) Greed and wealth 

Conflict

1) External conflict 

Q1) Explain the character sketch of Sherlock Holmes.

Or 

Q1) Sherlock Holmes is the leading character in the extract.

Q2) Explain the character sketch of   Dr. Watson.

Q3) Explain the character sketch of Ms. Mary Morstan.

4) Explain the character sketch of Major Sholto.

Q5) Holmes is always one step ahead of Dr. Watson in solving cases. Explain.

6) Elaborate - "You really are an automaton- a calculating machine".

Ans: This sentence is said by Watson to Holmes when Mary Morstan had left the house of Holmes after discussing her case.Being emotional, Watson attracted to Ms. Morstan and appreciated her beauty. When he told about it to Holmes, Holmes said that she is just a client with a case. So he said that he didn't notice whether she was attractive or not. That time, Watson called him a calculating machine.

7) Who said to whom.

8) How does the mystery of Bartholomew's murder lead Holmes to track down Small?

Ans: When Mary Morstan, Holmes, Watson and Thaddeus Sholto reached Bartholomew's room, they find out that the care taker is very panic. He tells them that Bartholomew doesn't come out from his room the whole day. They find the body of Bartholomew,who has been murdered. After investigating for some time, Holmes concludes from the footprints that two persons have entered in the room. One of them is having a wooden leg and another footprints were very small which indicates that the another person would be short . Holmes instructed Watson to bring Toby, sniffer dog. With the help of it they reach to the edge of the Thames, where they come to know that the two criminals had hired a boat. Holmes, Watson and police officer pursue the boat, overtake it and capture the wooden-legged man, who was Jonathan Small.

3.6 Writing Skill - Group Discussion

 Group Discussion :

1) A Group Discussion is a formal discussion conducted on a given topic.

2) A Group of 10 - 12 participants involve in it.

3) The participants analysis the topic and give their views and opinions.

4) The discussion is usually for 10 - 15 minutes.

5) Experts listen to the members and evaluate them.

** In written form of Group Discussion, students (you)  are expected to write dialogues for 3 - 4 members on the given topic.

** Students (You) have to use the proper format of a dialogue. Ex- Name of the speaker followed by colon (:).

** Correct language should be used.

Example :

Ram, Shyam , Bharat and Sudha are participating in a group discussion. The evaluator has given them the topic " Uniform should be compulsory for Jr College students". Write suitable dialogues for each participant given his/her opinion on the topic :

Evaluator : Your topic for today's group discussion is "Uniform should be compulsory for Jr. College students". A few minutes are given to think on the topic. Okay, you may now begin the discussion. Who would like to start?

Ram : I think the topic of discussion is very relevant to all of us here. I strongly support uniform as it brings equality among the students though they come from poor or rich family.

Bharat :  I do agree with you Ram. Uniforms promote discipline and maintain dignity in the college.

Shyam : But I feel uniforms take away our individualty. College is about freedom and self-expression. The clothes are one way to show it.

Sudha : you are absolutely right, Shyam, as all students will be in one uniform then they focus more on studies than on fashion.

Ram : Even, during exams or any events or in any excursions,uniforms create a sense of identity and belonging.

Shyam : Sorry to intervene but I think wearing same clothes everyday can feel boring. Instead of making it compulsory, uniform should be mandatory only on certain days.

Evaluator : All right, everyone. Your time is nearly up. Could someone conclude, please?

Sudha : To conclude, uniform ensure discipline and equality but some flexibility could balance freedom and uniformity.

Marking scheme :

Content                                   2 mks

Sequence/ flow of ideas     1 mk

Appropriateness                 1mk

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                                                  4 mks