2.8 Small Towns and Rivers - Poetic Appreciation

 Write a poetic appreciation of the poem 'Small Towns and Rivers' with the help of following points:

* About the poem poet and the title

* The theme

* The language features, style, poetic devices used in the poem

* Message, values, morals in the poem

* Opinion about the poem 

* About the poem, poet and the title: The poem 'Small Towns and Rivers' is written by a great poet, novelist, journalist and a former civil servant from Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, Mamang Dai, who writes in English as well as Adi language. She is the recipient of Padmashree award and Sahitya Akademi Award. This present poem, 'Small Towns  and Rivers' is taken from the collection of the poems 'The River Poems', published in 2004. The poem describes a landscape and Nature where river is a dominant phenomenon. Here the poetess makes us aware that river is also a live thing around her hometown. She uses the sentences like 'river has soul' and 'river knows immortality of water'.

* The theme : The theme of this poem is 'death'. The poem is based on the belief of the tribal people from the North East, that the souls of the beloved ones always continue to dwell in the natural elements around. So she remembers death when she sees the emerging towns. Here she states that when the towns prosper, the nature has been destroyed. The poet has expressed anxiety at the development in the small towns.

* The language features, style, poetic devices used in the poem : The poem consists  seven stanzas. It is in free verse. There is the use of unusual length of poetic lines- some lines are short, some are little lengthier. The poet has used very simple, easy and lucid language so that the readers can easily understand the poem. The poetic devices like Metaphor, Onomatopoeia,Transferred Epithet, Repetition, Simile and Personification are used here in this poem. Here river has given a human quality of having a soul. The poem has an excellent visual imagery where she depicts river during summer and winter season. 

* Message, values, morals in the poem : The poet has mixed feelings for the Nature and towns. Through this poem, she appeals the people to conserve the Nature.

* Opinion about the poem : In my opinion this poem is simple, easy to understand with great message to conserve Nature. We have to take care of it.

2.7 She Walks In Beauty - Poetic Appreciation

 Poetic Appreciation of 'She Walks In Beauty'

 *About the poem/ poet/ title: "She Walks In Beauty" is a poem written by a famous English Romantic Poet, George Gordon Byron who is also known as Lord Byron.The poet belongs to the group of 'Younger Romantic'. The poem appreciates the enchanting beauty of an unnamed woman who is truly remarkable, having an aura or cloud.

* Theme : The theme of the poem is Beauty and Harmony. The poet not only praises her external beauty but also her I ner goodness which makes her so captivatingly attractive and flawless. The poet compares her to the night sky describing her serene and perfect beauty.

* Poetic devices, language and style : This is a short 18 lime lyrical poem celebrating female beauty. This poem consists three stanzas of six lines ie sestets of attractive rhymes. The rhyme scheme used in it is 'ababab'. The language is rich and complex which gives mystical quality to the woman in the poem. The poetic devices like Simile, Alliteration, Antithesis, Metaphor, Repetition, Personification, Inversion, Synecdoche add complexity of the poem. The poem is with full of visual imagery. He uses the pairs of contradictory words to describe the enchanting beauty of the woman.

* Values, message : The poet, Lord Byron gives message to the readers that the external beauty is the reflection of inner goodness.

* Opinion about the poem :  In my opinion, the poem is full of elegance. It creates the powerful impact on the readers' minds, making them understand the meaning of  being 'really beautiful'.

Writing Skill - Interview

 INTERVIEW WRITING

Important tips :

1) In interview, interviewer and interviwee are needed.

2) Interview duration should be 30 - 45 mins and should be short and compact.

3) Area of success of the interviwee should be mentioned clearly.

4) Venue,Date and time of the interview should be mentioned.

5) Interview questions (8 - 10) must be written along with background sentences.

6) The questions should be Wh- questions and  relevant to the situation.

7) Proper sequence of the interview questions should be followed.

8) The questions should be polite. Simpler questions should come first.

9) Suitable format  and presentation should be followed.

Example :

1) Imagine you have to conduct  an interview of a teacher who recently received the Ideal Teacher Award from the state government. Frame out introductory, probing and concluding questions.

Name of the interviewee
Area of success/reputation
Date/Venue/Time
Duration of interview

 

Decision
Idols
Support
Education
Training
Success
Dream/goals
Message

 Ans: 

Name of the interviewee	Shri. Arun Patil
Area of success/reputation	Teaching
Date/Venue/Time	6th Sept, 2025, Pragati College Auditorium
Duration of interview	45 Min.

Good morning, Sir. Congratulations on winning the Ideal Teacher Award.Sir, shall we proceed?

 Good

Decision	It is said  "Every career begins with an important choice."So what inspired you to choose this teaching profession?
Idols	"Great teachers are often guided bu their role models." then who has been your greatest role model in your teaching journey?
Support	"Behind every accomplishment lies strong support." In your case, who supported you the most  and how important was this support?
Education	"Education builds the foundation of  a teacher's career." How has your learning journey helped you to become a successful teacher?
Training	Sir, I am eager to know about how do you keep updating your knowledge and skills?
Success	You are honoured with Ideal Teacher Award and every award is a symbol of hard work, dedication and perseverance.Sir, according to you, what is the true measure of a teacher's success?
Dream/goals	What goals do you still wish to achieve in the field of education?
Message	What message would you like to give to the young hearts who wish to join this profession?

Marking Scheme :

Appropriate framing of questions      2 marks

Language and style                             1 marks

Overall impression                              1 marks

                                                     ----------------

Total                                                     4 marks

4.2 To Sir, With Love

GIST OF THE NOVEL

'To Sir, With Love' is an autobiographical novel by  E. R. Braithwaite, a Guyanese-born British- American novelist, teacher and diplomat. The narrator is an engineer who worked in an oil refinery,He served in the Royal British Air Force in the World  War II. After the war, being a black person he could not get a job.But to make both ends meet he accepts the job of a teacher at the Greenslade School in London's East End. The school is full of all notorious students who have been rejected from other schools for their behaviour.

Though he served in the Royal Air Force, the British do not consider him as one of them. He faced discrimination and racism  in London. This leads bitterness about the British, colonialism and his white students. He considers his students disrespectful, ill-mannered and mischievous while  his students consider him to be an arrogant outsider, unfamiliar with the social environment.

He uses different tactics to bring positive change in the behaviour of the students.He suggests the students to call girl students as 'miss' and boy students as 'sir'. Thus, he wants to nurture the feeling of adulthood and respectable person in his students. He also organises field trips and excursions to museums and theatres to increase the cultural exposure. In this way, he develops good bonding with his students. 

His students frequently disappoint and hurt  him but he learns to forgive them. The students constantly surprise him with their maturity, empathy and knowledge. Finally we observe positive change in the behaviour of the students.

 

CHARACTERS : 

Teachers -

        1) Ricky Braithwaite

        2) Mr. Weston

        3) Mrs.Dale-Evans

        4) Miss Phillips 

        5) Mr. Florian

   Students - 

        1)Denham 

         2) Miss Joseph 

         3) Potter 

        4) Sapiano 

        5) Miss Pegg 

        6) Jackson 

        7) Fernman 

        8) Miss Dare 

        9) Miss Dodd 

THEMES :

       1) Students-teacher relationship 

       2) Prejudice 

       3) Racism 

SETTING : 

      Period - Mid 1940's

       Time - 15th November, morning 10:00 am

       Place - Greenslade School, London's East End.

                     ( School Auditorium)

       Occasion - The Half -Yearly Report Presentation Programme 

Character Sketch -

1) Ricky Braithwaite : E R  Braithwaite is also known as Ricky Braithwaite. He is the writer and narrator of the novel 'To Sir ,With Love'. Being Black it was not possible for him to get a job after World War II. So he accepted a job of a teacher in Greenslade School in East London.  Many notorious students were admitted in this school.In the beginning the students were not ready to accept him as a teacher but finally using different tactics he became successful to bring positive changes in the behaviour of the students.

2) Denham : Denham was one of the most notorious students in the class of Braithwaite.He was a trained boxer. He represented the class of Braithwaite . He proceeded the Half Yearly Report Presentation Programme along with Miss Joseph. He raised the query related to PT and games class. But when Miss Philips,one of the panelists convinced him the importance of having the lecture of PT and gams, he accepted his defeat. 

Q1) Describe 'The half yearly report programme '.

Ans : The half yearly report program of the students' council was on 15th November in Greenslade School auditorium at 10:00 a.m. On this day, there was no assembly. The students arrived smartly dressed and polished.Miss Joseph and Denham were the important officials for the occasion. Meeting their colleagues, they were ensuring that each one was ready to play his or her part.  The program started with the inaugural address by the H.M. Mr Florian. Then Miss Joseph explained the purpose and its activities. Each class presented the report, through its representatives, on the studies. The reports began with the lowest class first. Class after class was represented. When all the classes had completed their reports, a panel of teachers had been invited and answered the questions raised by the students. Thus, this programme was arranged, presented and controlled by the students only.

Q2) 'To Sir, With Love' is an autobiographical novel. Elaborate. 

Ans : 'To Sir, With Love' is an autobiographical novel. This novel is written by the protagonist of the novel  E. R. Braithwaite. In this novel, the protagonist gives his personal experiences after the second world war in England. He was an engineer but being a black person he has been rejected at various job places because of racism. Finally he manages to get a job in Greenslade school, East End of London. There, he found out that the students in his class are very disrespectful and ill mannered. But when he changes his teaching techniques and the way to tackle the students, brought positive change in the behaviour of the students. This, this novel is an excellent example of students-teacher relationship.

Q3) Describe how Ricky Braithwaite manage to bring about a change in the behaviour of the students. 

Ans : Ricky Braithwaite used to scold the students but he discovered that scolding or outburst of anger is of no use. So he changed his methods of teaching and handling, he believed that they must be respected so that after if you weaks students start using expressions like "Miss" and "Sir" .Thus, they learn to respect each other. Hence, they develop good habits, manners and attitude. 

Q4) Describe in brief the plot of the extract from "To Sir, With Love".

Ans : The narrator of the novel,Ricky Braithwaite was an engineer by profession but being a black person he was not getting a job. So  he accepted the job of a teacher to earn his bread and butter.  Here also he was rejected by the students because of his colour. Later he changed the approach of students with his innovative techniques and ideas and won the heart of the students.

Q5) Miss Phillips justifies  the importance of PT to Denham. Elaborate.

Ans :  Miss Phillips justify the importance of PT to then him by explaining that it promotes physical health, teamwork and self confidence and discipline among the students. She also emphasizes that this qualities are essential for their all round development and success in life. 

Q6) How does Mr Braithwaite manage to increase the cultural exposure of the class?

Ans : To increase the cultural exposure, Ricky Braithwaite goes out of the way of traditional teaching and focuses on practical knowledge so he takes them on field trips and excursions to museums and theatres. He finds out that many of the students have never been visited these places.

Q7) How does the setting of the extract "To Sir, With Love" contribute to the theme of the novel?

Ans : The setting of the extract is in the Greenslade School in London 's East End. Students - teacher  relationship is one of the themes of the novel. It shows that the students are very notorious and they are  in no mood to change their attitude and behaviour. But Braithwaite with his novel and creative ideas, innovative techniques and understanding the students' psychology , brings positive change in their behaviour. The setting of the novel is in the school auditorium which contributes to the theme of the novel.

Q8) Fernman brought a comic relief in the Students' Council programme. Explain.

Ans : As usual Fernman had a trump card up his sleeve. When called, he explained  the reality using human skeleton. He added humour by hanging the skeleton in air.Then he started explaining the futility of the discrimination based on the colour of the skin saying that basically all people were the same, the trimmings might be different but the foundations were all laid out according to the same blueprint. This was somewhat like comic relief.

Q9) Match the following 

        A                                   B

1) Sapiano                            a) History 

2) Miss Dodd                       b) Arithmetic 

3) Denham                           c) Geography 

4) Potter                               d) Nature Study 

5) Miss Date and  Fernman e)PT and Games 

6) Miss Joseph                     f) Physiology 

7) Miss Pegg and Jackson     g) Domestic Science 

8) Mr Florian                         h) One of the panelists 

9) Mr Weston                         i) Head Master 

Ans:

1) Sapiano -  d) Nature Study                       

2) Miss Dodd - a) History               

3) Denham - e)PT and Games                         

4) Potter - b) Arithmetic                            

5) Miss Date and  Fernman -  f) Physiology 

6) Miss Joseph - g) Domestic Science                  

7) Miss Pegg and Jackson -  c) Geography     

8) Mr Florian - i) Head Master                      

9) Mr Weston -  h) One of the panelists       

Q10) 'When the turn of my class came I sat up anxiously.' Explain why was the narrator anxious.

Ans : The narrator knew his students very well. He feels anxious when they came on the stage. The students are following the lessons taught by Mr Ricky Braithwaite. Denham addresses the girls by using the prefix 'Miss' which is the reflection of courtesy towards them. The narrator felt sure that this would in itself be something for the younger ones to aim at,  a sort of badge of young adulthood. As their names were called they walked up to the stage and took their seats with laudable seriousness. His students presented their reports gracefully. 

Thus, he was released seeing the positive change and maturity in his students.

Writing Skill - Appeal Writing

 Why to prepare an appeal?

1) To make people aware of social issues and to make them to take an active part in movements, missions or rallies etc. 

2) To involve people in general social activities.

Important tips:

1) Appeal should be in a box.

2) Address directly to the readers.

3) Give a suitable title in catchy, attractive and in bold letters.

4) Make a persuasive appeal with suitable picture.

5) Use a rhetorical questions to emphasize the point to draw the attention of the people.

6) Ask for  assistance, contribution, support of the people.

7) Use attractive and catchy slogan or punch line.

8) Give reason to support the cause you are appealing for.

9) If it's a rally, write time,day , date and venue etc.

10) Use logo at the down right hand side.

11) Write the name of organizers and the address.

Example : 

Prepare an appeal to make the general public awareness of the need for 'Eye Donation'.Make use of following points : 

* Use an attractive picture, slogan or any punch line.

* Make a persuasive appeal.

* Mention the importance of eye donation.

* Add your own points.

Marking Scheme :                             

                                       

          Presentation                                      02.           

          Convincing Language.                     01            

         Inspiring/Motivational Message     01           

--------------------------------------------------------------

                                                             04

2.4 Have You Earned Your Tomorrow - Poetic Appreciation

 Write an appreciation of the poem considering the following points.

* About the poem/poet/ title

* Theme

* Poetic devices, language,style

* Special features - tone and type

* Values, Message

* Your opinion about the poem

About the poem/poet/ title: 'Have You Earned Your Tomorrow'  is a poem written by a well known poet -Edger Guest. He is also known as 'People's poet' for his simple style and optimistic tone of writing. This is an inspirational poem.

Theme: In this poem, the speaker asks direct questions to the readers whether they have done anything good to improve the life of another human being or not. If they have done anything good for people it means they have earned their future ie tomorrow. Thus the speaker keeps on reminding the impact of good deeds on one's life. If  a small gesture of us bring smile and hope in the minds of others, it means we succeed to please God to grant a new tomorrow.In this way, we have to earn our tomorrow.

Poetic devices, language and style: This poem consists four stanzas. Each stanza is of the quatrain. The poet uses Interrogation as the main figure of speech because he puts all queries in the form of direct question. Along with Interrogation, the poet uses poetic devices like Alliteration, Oxymoron,Synecdoche etc. The rhyme scheme of the four stanzas are aabb,ccaa, ddee, ffaa. 

Special features - tone and type:  In this poem, the poet uses simple,easy to understand tone as whenever we read, we get the same interpretation. Here, the Poet uses optimistic tone of writing. He  uses some homonyms like 'spoke',  'deed',' fast', 'heart', 'leave', 'slumber' etc.

Values,message: The poem gives us the message that good work always pay you so always do good with others. People will remind you as per your behaviour. So it is essential to behave well with others. It reminds me one saying 'As you sow, so shall you reap'.

Writing Skill - Speech Writing

 Speech Writing : 

Steps of speech writing - 

1) Salutation

2) Introduction of yourself (speaker), topic and occasion

3) Importance of the topic

4) Conclusion

Complied examples :

1) On the occasion of the *World Environment Day*,5th June 

Good morning to the excellencies, respected Principal, my colleagues and my dear students,

We celebrate various days to commemorate the events and  some honourable personalities. Likewise,we also celebrate the World  Environment Day every year on 5th June .This day was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972.Two years later means in 1974 the first World Environment Day was held .

   Friends, we all are familiar with the word environment. What does environment mean?Yes, environment means the surroundings or conditions in which we ,human beings,animals ,birds and plants live.

    The term environment has been derived from a French word *Environia* means to surround. Environment consists of both biotic (human beings, animals ,birds, and plants means living and abiotic means non- living (soil,air,water,solar energy etc ).In short , environment is the surrounding in which we live.The world environment day is celebrated to promote the ways to improve the earth's environment and to solve the environmental issues.

    Today, we see the degradation of environment.Who is responsible for this degradation ?Of course, man is responsible for all these adverse changes in the environment.Man is a selfish animal and for the sake of his benefits, he cuts the trees. The cutting of trees affect  the rainfall.The rainfall affects  the availability of underground water as well as land water.It also affects  the growth of crops. Deforestation also affects  the existence of wild animals. Today ,we find that many species of animals and plants are extincted.It also affects  the temperature of the atmosphere.The layer of ozone gas  is  decreasing and  carbon dioxide and other gases are increasing. Concrete jungle is increasing  due to urbanization. Industrialization. And increase in the number of vehicles cause  various sorts of pollutions.The problem like global warming is created.

   On seeing these adverse effect on environment, we should be aware of it and make the  others aware of it.As the responsible citizen, it is our duty to protect our earth.If you save earth,we will save our life .Our small acts can be helpful for the protection of Earth. Remember the seven

R s   i.e Refuse, Repair,Recycle ,Reject,Renew and Resolve.Water and electricity are the  national wealth.So, it's our duty to save it.We should develop the concept of the 'Rain Water Harvesting' .We should switch off the unwanted electrical gadgets .We should go on foot where is the walkable distance and save fuel.There are  so many things which we can do for the protection of the environment. Friends ,

the most important thing we get from trees is oxygen.We can not survive without it.So we should stop the cutting of trees and plant the trees.

At last I would say  *'Save our environment,save our planet Earth.*

*'Protect our Earth today for our children tomorrow.'*

If we  protect our environment,it will be the true celebration of the 'World Environment Day'.

And  don't celebrate  this day  only on 5thJune but it should be celebrated everyday by protecting the environment.

I hope you will do so.

Thank you.🙏

Written by- 

Vaishali Jane

2) On the occasion of the *World Yoga Day*

Topic  *Importance of Yoga*

  Very good morning to everyone and happy Yoga Day. 

Honourable President, respected Principal, respected teachers and all my dear friends,

 Today we have gathered here to celebrate the 8th International Yoga Day.  This day is commemorated annually on 21st June since 2015. Our honourable Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi proposed it  during the speech at the United Nations General Assembly in 2014. And from the next year means in 2015 United Nations declared 21st June as  the International Yoga Day.

 Friends, Can you tell why is the date 21st June  chosen?

Yes,it is because 21st June is the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere.So the United Nations declared 21st June as the International Yoga Day in order to spread awareness among the people regarding yoga.

  What is yoga?

Well,yoga is an ancient physical, mental and spiritual discipline.It originated in India more than 500 years ago.The word 'Yoga' came from Sanskrit word  *yuj* that  means  to yoke, unite or join. Though no one knows the inventor of yoga,still it is generally believed that Sage Patanjali who is the pioneer of yoga.He wrote Yog Sutras . Beneficial exercise (Asanas),proper breathing (Pranayama), complete relaxation (Savasana),balanced diet and nutrition, positive thinking and meditation  are the principles of yoga  that are still  being followed today.In an ancient age ,Rishis ,Munis,sages and Saints practised yoga and meditation regularly. Swami Vivekananda,Swami Ramkrishna Paramhans , Swami Dayanand  Saraswati who  practised meditation regularly and reached at the culmination point of spirituality. We can not forget the name of Ramdev Baba who is the present yoga trainer.As we listen or read the word yoga ,the figure of Ramdev Baba comes before our eyes.

    Yoga uses asanas(postures) and

Pranayam(breathing techniques) to integrate the body with mind and mind with soul .

      We all know that the health is wealth. And yoga is a way of living that aims towards a healthy mind is in a healthy body (sound mind is in sound body).Yoga is beneficial to us in many ways.It helps to manage stress and anxiety and keeps us relaxing. In today's fast life,no one  is free from stress and anxiety.So yoga , pranayam and  meditation are very essential  things to keep us healthy and tension free.It improves respiration, blood circulation, energy and vitality. Regular practice of yoga can help to lose weight, release stress , improve immunity, improve concentration and so on.On seeing the benefits of yoga,we should practise it every day without fail.

     Our honourable Prime Minister started the celebration of this day because he wants healthy  and self-reliant ( आत्मनिर्भर भारत )India.If we are healthy,our country will prosper because only healthy people can work efficiently for the growth of Indian Economy.

   Friends, in this year the government has appealed everyone  to participate in Yoga under the hastag *Yoga For Humanity*.Why?,

because Yoga for humanity is healing our own minds,bodies and spirits while giving back to community. It is a call to action to all yogis,teachers,students ,gurus to use the healing benefits of yoga to empower,inspire and give back to others. 

  P.M.says the motto of yoga is peace, prosperity and harmony.Therefore,it is good to practise yoga daily to reap numerous health benefits for a healthy body and mind.

   I hope,you understood the importance of yoga.

   Happy Yoga Day.

Thank  you.🙏

Written by - 

Mrs Vaishali Jane

3)*Speech on Teacher's Day* ,5th September.

  Good morning to one and all and my greetings to all my respected teachers. Honourable chairperson,the Principal of our college, respected teachers and my dear friends,

Today is an auspicious occasion to honour and acknowledge the contributions and hard work of teachers who mould the students into the future citizens.Guru Pournima is also celebrated to express our gratitude towards our Gurus.

     Friends, Can you tell why 5th September is celebrated as Teacher's Day?Yes,it is celebrated throughout the country since the year 1962 on the birth anniversary of Dr.Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan,the second President of free India.He was born on 5th September 1888 at Tiruttani,in Tamil Nadu State.He was a great philosopher, educationist and a teacher by profession.When he became the second President of India,few of his students requested him to let them to celebrate his birthday on 5th September.On this request,he asked them to celebrate his birthday as Teacher's Day and not just as birthday.Ever since this day is celebrated as Teacher's Day every year.

      Our education begins at home. Mother is our prime teacher.As we grow and meet different people,we learn many things from them.Everyone around us teaches us something.Experiences and mistakes are also our great teachers.

     In olden times,there was *Gurukul System* of teaching where the students left their homes to stay with the sages in the forest for years.It was called *Bramhacharyashram*(one of the four ashrams ) After completing the training,the students returned homes.Those  sages were worshipped and honoured by the students and their parents like God.Since then a teacher is placed next to God.That's why it is said,

*Gurur Brahma,Gurur Vishnu,

Gurur Dev,Maheshwara.

Gurur Sakshat ,Parbramha.

Tasmai Sri Guruve Namaha.*

      It means Guru is the Lord himself.Gurus/ teachers are next to God.So,Gurus are worshipped on Guru Pournima.

    Teachers are our second parents because they take care of us as parents.They show us right path as the beacon light.They are like candles who spend their whole life in giving light to the students .They are always with us whenever we are in trouble whether it is academic or personal.They are the nation builders.They guide and shape the destiny of students.Teachers teach us to become better human beings.Sometimes , teachers scold us but there is their love and affection towards us behind their scolding.They scold us for our betterment.Teacher is the profession that creates all the professions like doctor,engineer, advocate, Chartered accountant and so on.

     Teachers like Dr Radhakrishnan ,Sane Guruji and Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam are some of the renowned names that have given meaning to the world of teachers.In mythology we find many examples of Gurus and deciples such as Dronacharya and Eklavya, Sandipani and Shrikrishna etc. Eklavya is known as an ideal student.When Guru Dronacharya refused to teach archery to Eklavya because he was Shudra,(because Shudra was considered as the lowest category in the society at that time.) Eklavya built the mud idol /statue  of Dronacharya and practised archery before it and became the skilled archer equalled to Arjun.

On seeing the skill of Eklavya in archery,Guru Dronacharya  was astonished. He asked for Eklavya's right thumb as Guru Dakshina because he didn't want Eklavya to excel/exceed/surpass Arjun.And without thinking so much, Eklavya cut off his right thumb and put it at the feet of his Guru.It shows his reverence/honour/respect towards his Guru.Eklavya still continued to practise archery with the forefingers and middle fingers and remains as an example of an ideal student till today.We should also keep Eklavya as a role model before us and gain the knowledge.We should concentrate on our target like Eklavya.

   Today,we are living in the age of science and technology.We learn many things through various apps.We get vast knowledge through internet but as per my opinion, no one can replace the teachers because teachers not only give us knowledge but also shape our personality by teaching many moral lessons.Apart from academic,they stand by us at every step to guide ,motivate and inspire us to become good citizens.

   We are proud to say that we are being cultivated by the finest gardeners. We pray for their well beings and good health.I would like to express my gratitude towards all teachers for their selfless and dynamic support.We are always grateful to you.I conclude my speech by wishing you

 Happy Teacher's Day💐💐

Thank you.🙏

Written by - 

Mrs Vaishali Jane

4)*The Indian Constitution Day* 

*26th November*

  Exuberant good morning to everyone. Honourable chairperson,the Principal of our college, respected teachers and my dear friends.

We celebrate many days to commemorate the great personalities and their work.Likewise,we also commemorate 26th November as *The Indian Constitution Day*.Our honourable Prime Minister Mr.Narendra Modi declared this day in the year 2015 because that year was the year of 125th birth anniversary of Bharatratna Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar.

   Friends,can you tell why it is  celebrated on 26th November?Yes, because the Constitution Assembly /Committee adopted the constitution on 26th November 1949 which was come into force/effect on 26thJanuary 1950.

     Well,we have to follow the traffic rules.Why?yes, because to avoid the mishaps.Our schools and colleges have certain rules  regarding  uniforms,time tables  and so on.Why? because such rules are needed for disciplinary and smooth working of our schools and colleges.Likewise, Constitution is needed for the nation.

    *What is constitution*?

Well, constitution is a set of rules and regulations which is essential for disciplinary adminstration of the government.It is the framework, document or a book that guides the government to work smoothly.

     Friends, we all know the history of Indian Independence.When we were ruled by the Britishers,they appealed us to draft our own constitution.And  in response to their appeal ,the work of constitution was begun.The Constitution 

Committee was formed whose president was Dr.Rajendra Prasad and in which *Constitution Drafting Committee* was formed whose president was Bharatratna Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar.

There were seven members in this *Drafting  Committee*, named Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar,N.Gopalswami,Dr.B.R.Ambedkar,K.M.Munshi, Mohammad Saadulla,B.L,Mitter and D.P. Khaitan.But as a president of Drafting Committee ,Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar contributed the Lion's share in drafting our constitution.That's why he is called an architect of Indian Constitution.He studied the constitutions of many countries such as America,Japan, Russia,France and England. He took the essence from them.After spending a long period  of 2 years,11,months and 17days,our constitution was ready.

       Friends,our constitution is am amalgamation of the constitutions of the world.It is the world's largest constitution that contains 465 articles,12 schedules,122 amendments and 146385 English words.It is the blend of rigidity and flexibility.It is in both forms, written like America and unwritten like England.The original constitution (1950)is preserved in *helium filled case* at the parliament house in New Delhi.

    Well,our constitution is the sole backbone of the country that has kept the country together.Our constitution declares India as a sovereign, socialist,secular, democratic republic assuring its citizens the principles like *Liberty, Equality, Fraternity and Justice.* There is equaity before law.It means every citizen of India is equal before law whether he/she is rich or poor ,city dweller or village dweller. Our constitution has given us fundamental rights such as right to vote,right to educate, right to freedom of expressing our thoughts, freedom to speak, right against exploitation, freedom of religion and so on.

    Friends, we are given such rights as well as our constitution has given us some duties and responsibilities. *Rights and duties* are the two sides of the same coin.When we fight for our rights,we should also be aware of our duties and responsibilities.We all know that the preamble of the constitution is given on the first page of the text books of all  the standards in which the first sentence is *WE, THE  PEOPLE  OF INDIA.......* In this  sentence the word *WE* denotes the *unity and integrity*.It means we all Indians should live unitedly,work unitedly for the betterment of our motherland.

     Dear friends,I hope,you understood very well what I said.So, be the ideal citizens of our nation and serve our motherland by following the  guidelines of our constitution.

   I conclude my speech by paying my tribute to Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar .

Jai Hind ! 🙏 🇮🇳🇮🇳

Written by- 

Mrs Vaishali Jane

Marking scheme :

Logical sequence of ideas   : 02 marks

Introduction.                         : 01 mark

Conclusion.                            : 01 mark

–------–-------------------------------–-----–--------------

Total.                                       : 04 marks